Creation vs Its Opposite (Which is Not Necessarily Evolution)

Ultimately it comes down to the alternative: What came first? Creative Reason, the Creator Spirit who makes all things and gives them growth, or Unreason, which, lacking any meaning, strangely enough brings forth a mathematically ordered cosmos, as well as man and his reason. The latter, however, would then be nothing more than a chance result of evolution and thus, in the end, equally meaningless. As Christians, we say: I believe in God the Father, the Creator of heaven and earth. I believe in the Creator Spirit. We believe that at the beginning of everything is the eternal Word, with Reason and not Unreason." (Benedict XVI)

Study Notes For R. Williams, 'Tokens of Trust' Chapter 2

The Risk of Love

R. Williams, Tokens of Trust: An Introduction to Christian Belief, Chapter 2 notes

1. Arguments for the existence of God have their place. (They can’t communicate a living relationship, and do not intend to do so, as can the diary of Etty Hilesum, for example.) Such arguments try to approach everything in creation as a single unit, and ask how to make sense of this whole. (Compare with the atheist who will say that there is no need to try and make sense of the whole because the individual clusters and bits make sense in themselves. No higher order of meaning is necessary.) Arguments for the existence of God also suppose God to be on a different level of explanation than everyday causation. So, the child asks, ‘If God made the world, who made God?’ This is thinking of God as just a bigger version of the things we already know within our world. Instead we are asked to stretch our theological imagination:”we’re trying to get our minds around the idea of an activity that is so utterly consistent with itself, so unaffected by any other activity, that it is, so to speak, its own explanation, its own ‘cause’, eternal and unchanging.” (34)

2. A Christian theology of creation affirms that God’s creativity is ongoing and continuous. This means that without God everything would cease to exist. Most non-believers have a watchmaker (deism) approach that has God ‘make’ everything and then let it go its independent way.

3. Creation is to be understood not just as ‘making’ stuff, but establishing a relationship with the stuff of creation. Indeed, the ‘making’ and the establishment of relationship are one and the same action of God. which is to say that God’s act of creation, while ‘making’ stuff (us, for instance) is also about establishing a relationship with us.

4. A theology of creation is therefore not to be understood as an alternative to science. God is not just one more causative force amongst a series of causes. Creation is about the ‘big picture’, the underlying reason and comprehensibility of all that is.

5. A Christian theology of creation is to be distinguished from pantheism. Pantheism makes the sum total of created reality into God (or at a minimum, God as a universal principle within everything). Christianity supposes a distinction between God and that which is created in dependence upon God. A theology of creation safeguards freedom, gives creation its own integrity, and funnily enough, was one of the principle ingredients in the rise of western science. This is because if creation has its own integrity then we can study it for its own sake; whereas pantheistic science will also be restricted by theological conceptions about what is possible, leading to the neglect of the scientific method of hypothesis and experimentation.)

6. But what of the problem of pain? A world that is truly other than God is a risky world. Creation has its own integrity and freedom, and to deny this by requiring God not to take that risk is to imagine a different world than this one, and one incapable of true relationship with God. Yes, creation is complex and fragile, and very risky, but this is the nature of a real relationship with the possibilities of real growth and reciprocal movement.

7. What of miracles and prayer? Keeping in mind the meaning of ‘almighty’ from chapter 1, we can see that miracles and prayer are not examples of God’s arbitrary whim dis/agreeing to this or that prayer, or overriding the integrity of creation this time and not the next. Instead, Williams suggests the miraculous, including the miraculous in the life of Jesus, are grounded in “a robust idea of God’s action burning intensely in every moment of the world’s existence, always just around the corner of our perception.” (48) Sometimes (as in the case of Jesus) this intensity of God’s presence is closer to the surface than usual, allowing the interconnected whole of creation to come together in a more transparently God-directed manner. (pp. 44-46)

8. A comprehensive theology of creation also allows for creatures that are beyond our perception and instrumental use. Angels in the Bible and tradition, he says, are, at the very least, symbols of this other world that is beyond our usual perception. Creation is not just there for us to use and consume, and is a lot bigger than we usually allow.

9. Finally, to affirm God as creator of everything, visible and invisible, is to allow God to be God of every aspect of our lives, even the embarrassing bits we suppress. God knows who we are, and God can heal and bring every aspect of our lives into a coherent whole. (Again, touching on the idea of almighty as being able to rework creation into a future of life and fulfillment.) This is, ultimately, the meaning of resurrection. (55)

God Can Rework Evil

Pentecost 14, Genesis 45:1-15, Joseph sold into slavery. Used at Holy Innocents 17/10/08

"... you sold me here; for God sent me before you to preserve life." (Genesis 45:5)

Just to be clear I'm not one of those that imputes evil to God. Now there is substantial Scriptural warrant for imputing evil to God, but I don't think this is one of them. God is able to rework evil, even to the extent where it is possible for Joseph to say that God sent him ahead into Egypt. The evil perpetrated by his brothers has been so reworked by God in the life of Joseph that Joseph can say that God sent him ahead to preserve life. The brothers sold him into slavery, but God reclaims the evil to make good.

This reworking of evil is close to the meaning of 'Almighty', an apellation directed to God the Father in the Creed. Rowan Williams says it is best translated as 'ruler of everything' or 'holder of everything'. (That is, God's almighty power is not about arbitrary, overriding power.) It means that God never reaches the point of ineffectivenss and is always able to make a purposeful response no matter the depths of evil and seeming defeat. God can bring things new and often surprising out of evil.

The place we see this most powerfully and poignantly is the crucifixion of Jesus. God brings out of the evil of the human heart our salvation at the point of apparent defeat in death. We are saved not just in the resurrection, but in the cross. What an extraordinary reworking of evil! And this gives us some indication of how to approach those passages in Scripture that impute to God the death of Jesus. Let us be clear: human evil killed Jesus. And God can so rework that evil, so make it part of the total outcome of salvation, that yes, we can say that God sacrificed Jesus.

The Joseph Story (Kids' Talk)

Kids' Talk for the end of the Joseph cycle, Genesis 45:1-15. Used at Holy Innocents 17/8/08

Ever had a bad thing happen to you, but then, surprise, surprise, something good happens? Like you were meant to be going to the playground, but then it started raining so you couldn't, but then, your best friend came around. If you had gone to the playground you would have missed your best friend.

That's what happened to Joseph in the story we have just heard. His brothers sold him into slavery in a far off land. (Used here a slide of him being sold off) A mean and bad thing to do to your brother. But God was able to bring some good out of it. Because when there was a famine in the land of the brothers, they could go to the far off land and get food off Joseph. And so they and there families were able to survive.

God can do this. Bring good things out of mean and bad things that people do. Cn anyone think of any other story in the Bible where people do mean and bad things, but God is able to bring good from it?

When Jesus was crucified. That was a mean and bad thing for the people to do. But God was able to bring good from it. By being willing to die on the cross he heals us, and then God raised him from the dead to go and forgive his disciples for deserting him.

Healthy Churches Checklist

Sorry I had to delete this, but I couldn't get the table to post correctly. If anyone wants the table - it compares the healthy church checklist from NCLS, a four country survey in 2005, Bob Jackson, Robert Warren and Callahan, I can send it to you. Email me at innocents@adam.com.au.

The lists are helpful because they give us some indicators of healthy churches. It is, of course, a bit of a circular thing, because you have to decide which churches are healthy and then list their characteristics. Interestingly, the surveys are pretty consistent across the western world. Anyway, the lists can give some indication of what we can be thinking of in our situation if we wish to increase the health of the church. It is not a certainty of course, and for some might not be useful. But I reckon the lists are a great resource that I have used successfully at Holy Innocents. But these lists are not the messiah; Jesus still gets the guernsey for that office.

The Surprise of the Resurrection Narratives (Part 2)

Surprise 3: The Resurrected Jesus is Not the Radiant, Heavenly Figure

If the resurrection stories were made up we would expect them to reflect the Jewish expectation of a heavenly, sparkling figure like in Daniel 12:2-3. (A text picked up by Jewish contemporary writings. See Wisdom 3:9) The resurrected Christ as narrated in the Gospel stories is not a sparkling figure of power. He seems much more mundane than that, and retains his wounds. If you were going to concoct a story about resurrection why not make it fit the expectation of the target audience? Exactly, you would. And the resurrection narratives just don't.

Surprise 4: The Women as Primary Witnesses.

If the stories were made up no author of the first century AD is going to make the primary witnesses to an incredible event women. This is exactly what the Gospel narratives do. (And to reinforce the point, have a look at what Paul says about the first witnesses of the resurrected Jesus; he omits the women. see 1Cor 15:5-9) Women were not accepted as legal witnesses in the ancient world. Again, a very strange thing to do if the stories are concocted.

Check out the link below to compare the stories of the empty tomb and resurrection of Jesus in parallel format:

http://www.utoronto.ca/religion/synopsis/meta-4g.htm

Do Not Worry

[Chapel address at St John's, Term 2, 2008. The reading was Matthew 6:25-34. Part of the 'Jesus is Different Series'.]

What are the things you worry about? ...

Some are important, some perhaps not so important. But we still worry. Let's hear what Jesus thinks... (the reading occurred here)

We worry. And about all sorts of things. Some things are not worth the worry because they are not important enough to worry about. Others are not worth worrying about because they are too far into the future, so they might not happen at all. Others things are important and worthy of our concern, but we often worry too much.

Jesus can help us here. He points us to the important things, the things that are deeper and more fulfilling. These are the things worthy of our concern, even our worry. He thinks that many of the things we worry about are not worthy of our worry. They just aren't important enough. Like reputation, what your peers might think. Now you might think that you can't stop being concerned about some of these things. OK, then deal with it, get it over and done with, and move on. If you can't do that, then stronger action is needed.

Jesus thinks the stronger action is to trust God. You are lovable and deeply loved by God. All will be well. Look at the birds of the air, he says, God looks after them, so God will do the same for you. So those things that you worry about that probably aren't the things most important, but still they worry you, trust God instead. And this is the strategy also for those things that are worthy of our worry, but that we might worry about too much. By all means be concerned, even worry at times, but don't let it get you down. Trust God. God will see it through for you.

A story to finish.

An king sentenced a man to death. the man begged for mercy, and added, "If the king will be merciful and spare my life, I shall teach his horse to fly in a year's time."

"Done," said the king. "But if at the end of this period the horse cannot fly, you will be executed."

When his anxious family later asked the man how he planned to achieve this, he said, "In the course of the year the king may die. Or the horse may die, or, who knows, the horse may learn to fly!"

The Surprise of the Resurrection Narratives (Part 1)

See N.T. Wright, The Resurrection of the Son of God, pp. 599ff.

The resurrection narratives are a bit hard to explain if Jesus is not resurrected. Many people think that it obvious that the resurrection narratives are fictional accounts because there was no resurrection, or at least nothing like the narratives make out. N. T. Wright has put this kind of claim under some scrutiny, and has come up with these four aspects of the resurrection narratives that are hard to explain if it were true that they are fiction.

Surprise 1: The Absence of Biblical Allusions

The first Christians said that the death and resurrection of Jesus was ‘according to the Scriptures’. Then why the absence of scriptural quotes and allusions within the resurrection narratives? (There are many such allusions and quotes in the story up to and including the point of the death of Jesus, but after that Scriptural quotes and allusions get a bit thin.) If the resurrection narratives were fictional accounts, then the authors would have added in Scriptural quotes to make the whole thing seem more plausible for their target audience.

Surprise 2: The Absence of Personal Hope

In virtually every other mention of the resurrection in the New Testament and later writings, the resurrection of Jesus is linked to the personal destiny of believers. (See, for example, 1Cor 15; 2Cor 4-5; Rom 8:9-11; 1Thess 4:14; 1Pet 1:3f) That is, the writer will say because Jesus is resurrected, those who believe in him will also be resurrected. To those who are skeptical about the resurrection and think the whole thing is a sham, standard stuff. But, in the Gospel stories of the resurrection the movement is from the resurrection of Jesus to mission. There is not one mention of personal, eternal destiny. (At least that I can find.) Which is incredible if the accounts are fictional. The skeptic reads St Paul and says that the link he makes between the resurrected Jesus and the final destiny of believers is the typical and standard way of all religions: pie in the sky when you die. So why not include the pie in the most basic stories of the resurrection of Jesus? Very strange if you are writing a ficitonal account that is designed to suck in the gullible. Best to make personal destiny the focus, appealing to the self-interest of the gullible. But the Gospels don't. The resurrected Christ sends the disciples on a mission, and a difficult and dangerous one at that. hardly the perfect recipe for building a religion of comfort to those needing a personal crutch!

Study Notes For Rowan Williams, 'Tokens of Trust'

In a study group we are reading Rowan Williams' introduction to Christianity entitled Tokens of Trust. I am writing notes for each chapter for members of the study. I will post these notes each week in case you would like to read the book as well, or perhaps run a group in your church!

R. Williams, Tokens of Trust: An Introduction to Christian Belief, Chapter 1 notes

“Basic to everything here is the idea that Christian belief is really about knowing who and what to trust. (p. viii)”

1. The loss of trust generally felt in society, directed at all levels.

2. The “I/We believe” of the Creeds is not a statement about whether we believe “God” is possible, like someone saying “I believe in UFOs.”

3. Creedal “I/We believe” is more like “I/We trust…”, and indicate where we find the anchor, meaning and purpose of our lives. (p. 6) Which is potentially problematic given the general dissipation of trust within society generally. (On this idea of “believe” being more like trust Williams mentions on p. 5 John 9 which is worth looking up.)

4. So, how do we know we can trust God the Father almighty? The answer has two parts.

5. First, Jesus reveals the inner meaning and purpose of God the creator of everything. The incompleteness and darkness of our natural inclinations toward God are clarified and corrected in the revelation of God in Jesus. (pp.7-11)

6. Note this does not mean we now know everything there is to know about God!(p. 9) But the meaning and purpose that is the inner dynamic of our lives and of history is revealed. Note also that we do not receive this revelation in the abstract (just ideas cut off from life) but in a real human life, the life of the Jew named Jesus of Nazareth. (p.9)

7. The meaning and purpose is unselfish, self-giving love. (p. 10)

8. This section finishes with this beautiful quote: “At the heart of the desperate suffering there is in the world, suffering we can do nothing to resolve or remove for good, there is an indestructible energy making for love. If we have grasped what Jesus is about, we can trust that this is what lies at the foundation of everything.” (p. 10)

9. The second part to the answer as to how we know we can trust God, the Father almighty emanates from the Christian insight that God is love in Godself, and is not requiring anything of anyone/thing else. God is complete fullness. (pp. 11-14) This is important because it means that our creation does not come from God’s need, but out of unselfish love. If there were any kind of deficit at all in God, a deficit that the creation filled, then our meaning and purpose from God is not unselfish, self-giving love. There would be something in it for God, so to speak. (especially p. 12)

10. This is the theological foundation for the Christian claim that we are not forgiven because we are moral. God’s love makes us good. (p. 13)

11. The next section (pp. 15-20) is asking about the nature of God’s almighty power. It is not arbitrary power to do whatever one likes, so that God might choose to destroy just to show God’s almightiness! “Almighty” in the Greek means “ruler of everything” or “holder of everything”. (p. 16) This means God is not only everywhere, but can be relied upon in all situations, and can make good from all situations. God is never found wanting.

12. An interesting discussion of Genesis 18 and Exodus 32 where Abraham and Moses respectively persuade God not to act contrary to the nature of God revealed in the covenant. (pp. 17-19) Williams suggests that these passages, and others like them, function in the Bible as a tongue in cheek literary device to highlight the reliability of God; even in these extreme situations God can be relied upon to be faithful to the covenant (and new covenant).

13. The final sections (pp. 20-28) talk about living this life of love in the world, and being conduits of it, even in our imperfection. He uses a number of examples, including Etty Hillesum, to show that those who believe (that is, trust) are called to stroke the embers of that trust in others. He puts it boldly; we are to be those who take responsibility for God’s believability.

The Lost Sheep

St John's Chapel Address Weeks 5 & 6, Term 2 2008. Part of the 'Jesus is Different Series'..
[The reading was Luke 15:1-7]

I want to talk about money today. (I flashed and then counted $500.) Hey, hang on, there is only $490 here. Could the front two rows come up here and help me look for the ten bucks. (Which they did. After a suitable time - of course there was no missing ten dollars - I said:) Let's not worry about it, it is only ten bucks after all. Who thinks it is worth keeping on looking? I have $490 still. (You get the drift.)

Let's think about what we just did. We went looking for $10 when we had $490 anyway. Some wanted to stop looking, others wanted to keep on going.

Jesus told a story very similar. Let's hear it now ...

God is like a shepherd who has lost a single sheep. Leaving the 99 the shepherd goes off looking for that one lost sheep. The rest of the herd are put in danger by this, remember. Back then no nice safe fenced area to leave the flock. Crazy!

We are each of such inestimable value that God will do the crazy thing and come after us. Even though there are billions of others, God will never give you up. Ever. And will keep looking, even if we don't know we are lost! And keep looking and looking because we are worth a lot more than ten bucks.

We Are Adam and Eve

[Reading: Genesis 1:1-4a; 9, 10b, 16, 18b, 25, 26a, 27, 31]

Most people have heard about Adam and Eve. Most people seem to think the issue is whether they existed, historically or not. And that is why many people miss the point of the story of creation as narrated in Genesis. The point of the story is not the historical question, but the universal application of the story to every person, everything that is. We are God's creation. And as we heard, God looked at the creation, and it was good, indeed, very good. This tells us something immediately: we are good (not perfect), and we are God's.

Some Key Passages in the Ordination of Women Debate

The list of passages used against the full inclusion of women is small, and says little about the place of women in the church. Only one passage prohibits women from teaching men (1Tim 2:12), and only one passage says women should be silent in church (1Cor 14:33b-35, although clearly Paul wants women to prophesy, see 1Cor 11:1-16). But there are an overwhelming number of passages affirming the prominence and freedom of women in the life and ministry of the Christian community, and the fundamental theologies of faith, baptism and the giving of the Spirit never exclude women.

1. Emphasised by opponents of the full inclusion of women in the church

· Gen 2:18-25

· Gen 3:16

· 1Cor 11:1-16

· 1Cor 14:33b-35

· Ephes 5:21-33; Col 3:18; 1Pet 3:1-7

· 1Tim 2:8-15

· Tit 2:3-5

2. Emphasised by those in favour of the full inclusion of women in the church

· Gen 1:27

· The prominence of women’s faith and role in the ministry of Jesus: e.g. Matt 28:1-10; Mk 14:3-9; 15:40-41; Lk 8:1-3; Jn 4:39-42;

· Mk 3:31-35; 10:28-31; Lk 11:27;

· The prominence of women in ministry: Rom 16:1, 3-5, 7; 1Cor 1619; Phil 4:2-3; Col 4:15

· women are baptised without distinction (Ac 16:14-15)

· and receive the Spirit and the gifts of the Spirit without distinction Ac 21:9; 1Cor 12

· Paul safeguarding the interdependence of men and women (1Cor 11:8-12;) and the rights of women in marriage (1Cor 7:3-5) and the rights of women and men to remain single (1Cor 7:25-35)

· 2Cor 5:17 (compare Gen 3:16)

· Gal 3:28

Walking on Water

Pentecost 13, August 10, 2008. Sermon preached at Holy Innocents. The reading was Matt 14:22-36, Jesus walking on the water.

The thinking behind this sermon began with the simple point of not getting lost in the miracles of Jesus. Some people get very excited about the miracles of Jesus to the extent that he becomes something more like a pagan wonder worker. We must remember that the miracles were a significant part of the ministry of Jesus, not the totality of or key to his ministry. And we should also remember that for all of us miracles will account for a very small percentage of our total life experience. if Jesus is going to be important in your life it will be because he meshes with the other 99% of it that is non-miraculous.

But this then led me further. Sometimes it is possible to lose the point of the miracles of Jesus because of the miraculous. Take Jesus walking on the water today. The point of the miracle is not that Jesus proves he is divine because he is able to suspend the laws of nature. That is not the point. Some make it the point because they have in their sights an atheistic scientism that tries to lock God out of our lives. The way to respond to that ideology is not by making this miracle into an anomaly for science.

The point of this miracle is deeply theological. In this regard two points to note. First, the sea and what it represents in biblical terms as chaos over which God's sovereignty is exerted. (See, for example, Gen 1:1-10; Job 9:8; Ps 144:7; Dan7; Mk 5:13; Rom 6:3-4; Rev 13.) The sea is a place of chaos, demons, fear and possible death. And Jesus can walk on it and control it just as God does. (See also Matt 8:23-27.) Second, the great "I AM" that Jesus uses to identify himself. (Matt 14:27) The translation just has him say, "It is I." But we lose the force of the Greek which is an echo of the name of God from the Old Testament" I AM. (See Exod 3:14; Isa 51:12; see also John 6:35; 8:58; 10:11; 11:25; 15:1)

With this background the point of the miracle becomes clearer. By walking on the water, and claiming to himself the great I AM, Jesus is identified with the God of Israel, creator and saviour, the God who rules over the chaotic seas and brings life out of (Gen 1:20-21) and through the sea. (Exod 14:21-30). To get lost in the miracle as a suspension of the usual rules of science not only misses the point, is anachronistic, but also deflects us from the true meaning of the miracle!

And just in case we should miss the point, the gospel does a strange thing with this identification of Jesus with God. Yes, by walking on the waters of chaos Jesus shows himself to be imbued with the actual authority of God. But the gospel does not allow us to remain at the miracle as the point of recognising the true identity of Jesus. It is not enough. Indeed, it can lead to the wrong conclusion if we end up focusing on the proof of his divinity lying in breaking the rules (of nature). Jesus is divine, one with the creator and saviour of the world, and this will be displayed preeminently on the cross. The disciples struggled with this, as do most people staying away from church. [The miracle worker seems more comfortable, and perhaps more distant, indeed controllable: there when we need a miracle, the rest of the time back in heaven.] It is important to maintain the identity of Jesus on the cross with the Jesus of the miraculous walking on water because the God of creation and redemption will bring both to their fulfillment in the cross of Jesus.

Walking on Water (Kids' Talk)

Pentecost 13, August 10, 2008. Kids' Talk delivered at Holy Innocents. The reading was Matt 14:22-36, Jesus walking on the water.


If I pick up this heavy box, do you think I prove myself to be God? (Get some answers, then lift it. Make the box empty, but put on a face, just so you don't do your back in!)


I did it! So am i God? No. What would I have to do to prove I was God? (See what they say.) Move a mountain, change the colour of my car by clicking my fingers, walking on water, feeding 5000 people from one loaf of bread? (Get answers as you go.) The first disciples recognised Jesus as God because he walked on water.


What about dying on a cross? Cross on the one hand, and walking on water on the other. Which one. (Weigh it up in front of them. Both! Most people can see the first, but the second is just, even more true.

The Bible says the cross. God might be able to do pretty special tricks and they impress, but dying on a cross for us, now that shows Jesus really was God.

Some Notes on the Three Major Arguments Against the Full Inclusion of Women in Ministry

Three major arguments are used against the full inclusion of women in the Christian community.

1. The place of women is one of subservience, sometimes argued as complementarity, but always involving a subordination of women to the authority of men.

· This is often argued from a (small) number of biblical texts, and usually inconsistently. The obvious problems with this interpretation of Scripture (e.g. the authoritative ministries of women in the New Testament church) are left unresolved.

· Ignores the obvious authority of women in the history of the church. (Think of the Queen and CofE.)

2. God is male, Jesus was a man.

· God is ‘male’ (no, God is beyond sex and gender)

· Jesus was a man (Compare with ‘became fully human’.)

· Priests are in persona Christi, and must therefore be men. (Actually, all the baptised are in persona Christi)

3. Reproductive role and the nurturing nature of women

· Even if true, not sure why this should exclude women

· Even if true, could be used to argue for the inclusion of women (a more rounded and complete priesthood) For example, the male and female teams mentioned in Romans 16:3-4, 7.

· Jesus was not the quintessential ‘alpha male’, so I’m not sure why anyone should think nurturing –whether in women or men – is a bad thing. (See also Jn 13:23-25, reclining on the breast of Jesus, conveniently missed in the English translations!)

· Scripture, and Jesus himself, did not restrict the role of women in ministry according to their theoretical reproductive capacity. E.g. Lk 11:27.

Book Review: Rowan Williams, 'Tokens of Trust. An Introduction to Christian Belief'.

A guest-post by Joan Durdin.

The author, a theologian, philosopher, teacher, writer and priest expands on addresses that he delivered to a Holy Week congregation in 2005, and offers them to a wider audience. His teaching is prompted by his conviction that there is a crisis of trust in our society. Without trust we cannot fulfill God’s agenda for us, to live in peace with each other, free for our foremost activity of offering praise to God.

The book’s sub-title is ‘An Introduction to Christian Belief’. It is based on the church’s time honoured statement of belief, the Apostles’ Creed. The writer presents his teaching in six chapters, each exploring the implications of one segment of the Apostles Creed. The first chapter is entitled “Whom can we Trust?” and the answer is immediately provided in the words ‘I believe in God the Father almighty’. The issues raised include the lack of trust in today’s society – indeed, in the history of humankind, and the justification for putting our trust in God the Father - God thought we were worth dying for. A few examples from biblical times to the present, draw our attention to the lives of people whose trust in God, in the most daunting circumstances, never failed them.

In the second chapter, entitled ‘The Risk of Love’, the focus is on the phrase - ‘maker of heaven and earth’. This is where questions about the existence of God come up. Chapter 3, ‘A Man for All Seasons’ is developed from the words ‘and in Jesus Christ his only Son, our Lord’. The fourth, fifth and sixth chapters are respectively titled ‘The Peace Dividend’ (He suffered and was buried and the third day he rose again); ‘God in Company’ (I believe one catholic and apostolic Church); and ‘Love, Actually’ (I look for the resurrection of the dead). Each chapter offers a wealth of Christian doctrine and teaching.

Several features of the book have special appeal to me :

• The structure is made clear in the list of chapter titles and sub-titles and helped me to ‘see the wood for the trees’.
• From the depths of his theological understanding, the writer shares his insights on many issues of concern to the Christian, including the problem of evil, miracles, pain and suffering, the answer to prayer, sacrifice, the virgin birth, forgiveness.
• He displays a sense of humour which lightens the reading and points to his natural ‘human-ness’ and humility
• In each chapter the selection and framing of certain key statements provides, in a sense, a summary which helps the reader to recall the content.

The illustrations which appear throughout demand attention. As Archbishop Williams stated in the introduction, the paintings invite us into a much deeper world by the mysterious lightness of the strokes and the colours. They ask us to look at the world in a new way.

Among many books which have I have read on the subject of Christian belief, I find ‘Tokens of Trust’ particularly satisfying. It requires careful reading and reflection.

No Simple Contrast

... a simple contrast between activity and passivity will not do for creatures' relations with God because no matter how active one is as a creature, one is never anything other than the recipient of God's active grace - God remains active all over. Kathryn Tanner

Enjoying Life

Address delivered at the secondary campus assembly to induct the new school captains. The reading was Philippians 4:4-7.

I was walking around town yesterday and saw a lot of apparently unhappy people. They looked troubled. It made me wonder, where does happiness come from? Enjoyment, that is, joy? The cultural assumption is that we are happy, we can enjoy ourselves, when things are right on the outside of us: when we are with our friends, when we get to do what we really like, when there is no pressure, no responsibility; then we can enjoy ourselves. Presumably this means that when things are going badly, or we have responsibilities, or we are doing things we don’t particularly want to do, we can’t enjoy ourselves. Is that right?

I must really be unhappy then. I carry a good deal of responsibility in my life, as a priest in the parish, my duties in the wider church and community, in my home, spouse and children etc. And poor [... school captains...] They are taking on more responsibilities just as they approach their most difficult year academically. They will have pressures and responsibilities, many of which we will place on them, and they will have to do some things at least that they might not otherwise choose to do. On this reading they won’t be enjoying themselves much at all for the next 12 months. And aren’t [... outgoing school captains...] lucky to be stepping down. Now they can be happier!

I don’t think so. Let’s think about this for a moment. If our happiness and ability to enjoy ourselves is determined by the outside environment, much of which is out of our control, we are less than free. I prefer freedom.

Happiness, joy, enjoyment has its source within us, not outside us. Even though I carry responsibility and frequently feel under pressure and have to do some things as a priest that are difficult, I enjoy my life. When the pressure rises, or things aren’t working out how I would like them to, I decide to enjoy myself anyway. This does not mean that I ignore the problems or don’t feel the pressure. I’m not suggesting that we should deny any part of our lives. What I do is like flicking a switch inside me. I decide that I will enjoy myself no matter what the external circumstances.

Where or what is this switch to be flicked on the inside? We get the clue in our reading today from St Paul. “Rejoice in the Lord always “ he says; in other words, find your joy in God. The God who dwells with you. The God who said when you were made, ‘S/he is good.’ The God who thinks you are of inestimable value, the God who fiercely loves you and will never abandon you. Much of our worry revolves around anxieties concerning how others perceive us or will perceive us: am I good enough, will I perform well enough, will people like me or not, what is going to happen etc. We don’t want to let people down so we worry. All this gives up our freedom to the vagaries of others’ perception of us.

I strive to find my sense of self, my personhood, my worthiness in my relationship with God. I do not gauge my sense of self on the results of my performance. I enjoy myself, I carry my responsibilities lightly, and I let God do with what is achieved what God can. Don’t get me wrong, this is not an excuse for slackness. In fact, to find your true freedom within you in your relationship with the God who dwells within, this brings with it a joy that enables us to live our lives more fully, to engage with a new discipline and diligence in the tasks of life.

So, [... school captains ...], you have the great honour and task of being our school captains/vice captains for the next twelve months. You will carry new responsibilities, feel some new pressures, do some things that you might not choose to do otherwise. You will also do many things that are pleasant and bring great satisfaction. But in all of this enjoy yourselves. Feel the freedom that comes from flicking the switch that is a sense of personhood derived from the God who dwells within. Be the great leaders that you are called to be, and enjoy yourselves while you do it.

Self-Sacrifice

St John's Chapel Address Weeks 3 & 4, Term 2 2008.Part of the 'Jesus is Different Series'.
[The reading was John 15:12-17]

I left the story from last week with a screwdriver poking in my belly and satanic abuse being spat (literally) into my face from a drug crazed maniac. It got worse. Screwdriver man decided not to stab me. But the female parishioner beside me gave him some lip, he responded, she did likewise, and boom, his arm went up to stab her. Right next to me. And that is when I knew I loved my life more than hers. It was all in slow motion. I had time to just step in front of her and take the blow. But I didn't want to. (I should have said earlier that I loved my life more than their lives - she was pregnant.) Luckily, screwdriver man's partner in crime rugby tackled him at the crucial moment and pulled him off. Things fizzled then, we stepped back from the precipice, and twenty minutes later the police arrived and went off to find screwdriver man and arrest him.

Contrast this with what Jesus teaches, and lives. He says that we should be willing to sacrifice ourselves. Why? Well, for at least a couple of reasons. First, it is the nature of love to self-sacrifice when called upon. Jesus thinks that we should love one another, just as he did, and as God does. Second, evil is not overcome by standing idly by, nor is it overcome by punching back. Jesus recognised that evil is overcome only when those who oppose it are willing to bear the cost of opposing and standing up to it. In his case, that resulted in his death. This is a tough call. But I am sure Jesus is right, no matter how difficult it is to put into practice. Of course, few are asked to actually physically die. But all of us are invited everyday to love that little bit more, and that will mean self-sacrifice of some kind.

Feeding the 5000 (Kids' Talk)

Kids' Talk, Pentecost 12, Aug 3 2008. Reading is Matt 14:13-21.

Have chalice with cruet of wine and paten with host sitting in front of you.
Start with the refrain: when you think of Jesus, think of God.

Then...

Do you know what it is like to feel hungry? ... How does it feel? ...

Tell story of feeding.(Break the host as you tell the bit about Jesus distributing the bread.) Points to emphasise:

• crowd
• Jesus' compassion for their hunger
• not enough food to go around (miss by a mile)
• Jesus makes it enough and feeds everybody
• with tons left over!

What could this story mean? Possible answers:

• Jesus didn't want the people to be hungry, and given the refrain above, God doesn't want people to be hungry
• Jesus fed the people, God feeds us
• when Jesus feeds there is always enough to go around

Point to chalice and paten: like at the eucharist, Jesus feeds us because God doesn't want us to be hungry, and there is always enough to go around, and even more people could come to be fed.